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Frequent 'idol' theft in Tamil Nadu temples, Madras High Court came down heavily on HR & CE

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Rama, Sita, Lakshmanan and Hanuman idols. IndiaMART
Times of India

This is with reference to my earlier posts on the mismanagement of HR & CE (The Hindu Religious and  Charitable  Endowment) of Tamil Nadu government that runs more than 36,000 Hindu temples across the state and on  frequent theft of age old valuable Panchaloga idols (made of  an alloy of 5 metals) from the temples. Between  1992 and 1917, in a span of 25 years, no fewer than  1,200 ancient idols from temples in Tamil have disappeared into the hands of international smugglers who do the job nice and square in collusion with local thugs. The scale of theft is appealing and mind-boggling. It is high time the state government took preventive steps to cut down the temple idol thefts and safeguard the rich heritage of Tamil Nadu.
thehindu.com

In a new item appeared in 'The Hindu' of 12 July 2018, the honorable justice of Madras High Court, Chennai could nor contain his anger  over frequent theft of innumerable gods' idols from the places of worship and warned the  HR & CE that, if need be, they could face a probe from the CBI - Central Bureau of Investigation   of Delhi, if serious action was not forthcoming from them. The court, responding a complaint under PIL cited the theft of some precious artifacts from Srirangam Ranganather temple and a panchaloga idol from equally famous Arunachaleswarar temple, Tiruvannamalai. Despite several representations to the HR & CE officials and to the local police about  missing of precious idols, doors made of exotic wood, many kalasams (pots), sculptures, unblemished granite pavements and other treasures which had been buried by kings of the past on the 157-acre campus of the temple, there is no semblance of any action either from the local police nor from the HR & CE. This is quite disgusting and at stake is loss of temple treasures.
 As stated in my posts, the HR & CE is being run by irresponsible people who have neither faith in God nor responsibility to preserve the sanctity of the place of worship. Every thing in the temple belongs to the people of Tamil Nadu and is part of our heritage and they have no right to tamper with idols of divinity. As long as the government turns a blind eye to such unscrupulous officials whose eyes are glued to swindle our national treasures to make fast bucks, so long such robberies at temples by the officials continue unabated without any solution on hand. The government and judiciary should come up with a severe deterrent to stop this menace.

Further, these HR & CE officials would rather spend their time within the comforts of luxurious A/C coupes, rather than go out to many temples, in particular, to  remote places  to  get first hand information on  how safely the idols are kept on the premises what steps need to be taken to prevent future thefts.  It is mentioned in the article of the Hindu that  30 panchaloga idols at Meenakshi SundareswararTemple at Senthalai village near Tirukattupalli in Thanjavur district are not kept safely. The value of these idols runs into  a few hundred  crores of rupees. Same is the story at  Uma Maheshwarar Temple in Konerirajapuram in Nagapattinam district  where precious idols are in a room locke-up with  just ordinary lock. It is said, considering the workmanship of such idols their value would run into several hundred crores of rupees.
on the international idol market.
https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/frequent-idol-thefts-irk-hc-no-end/article24393691.ece
 http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/62611654.cm

This month 79 years ago Dalits entered the Madurai temple led by Vaidyanatha Iyer

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This month, 79 years ago  an important event took place in Tamil Nadu  that brought about  great social changes in Tamil Nadu. It was A Vaidyanatha Iyer, an eminent lawyer, social reformer and freedom fighter from Madurai city  led four Harijans (Dalits) into the  famousMeenakshi Sundareswarar Temple for the first time on July 7, 1939,  despite hurdles, thus breaking the social barrier being faced by the Harijans and other marginalized people in the name of religion.  Prior to that period, it was quite disgusting people from the so called low caste community were denied entry into  any temple by caste Hindus for worship. This social evil had been there for centuries at that point of time. Denying equal rights to other humans in a society that too in matters related to temple worship was  and is preposterous and is  against human decency and dignity. Vaidhyanatha Iyer, with help from like-minded people,  broke the shackles on the unfortunate people' s democratic rights and daringly entered the temple premises with the oppressed people.

 Temple   Entry  Movement  was going on across India for some time and it became a part  of the  escalating  campaign of mass  civil   disobedience in many places, in particular Tamil Nadu.  The arrival  of  Gandhiji in the Indian political arena and his joining  the National Movement was  an added advantage for the marginalized  people.  In  the  annual   session  of  the Indian  National  Congress  held at Nagpur in 1920, an unequivocal   political  resolution  was  adopted in favor of admitting  the depressed classes into  the Hindu  temples. By the Bardoli  Resolution  of 1922, Gandhiji  added political weight-age  and new dimension to the social content  to  the  Congress  program  by  advocating  the  idea  of  removal  of  untouchability.  At  the Congress session in Kakinada, AP a  resolution   was   passed   at the  initiative  of  T.K.Madhavan, a great  nationalist from Travancore. The resolution emphasized on the steps to be taken  for  the routing out  un-touchability  in  the   country.
Freedom fighter  A. Vaidyanatha IyeriStampGallery.Com
Following the foot steps of Gandhiji and on the advice of his friend and lawyer Rajaji, Iyer became a staunch advocate of total removal of un-touchability in Tamil Nadu.  Iyer was the president of Tamil Nadu Harijan Seva Sangam in the 1940s and  worked hard  to fight for the justice of Harijans.  One R. Srinivasan, secretary of Tamil Nadu Harijan Seva Sangam said in the past that it was a difficult task for the Iyer to organize such a movement in spite of wide spread protests from certain caste Hindu leaders. Being a Brahmin himself, he not only supported their cause but also firmly stood the ground to fight for their equal rights. Amazingly his family members, his wife  and others were kind to them and fed them in their house.
madurai -regional map. S.  IndiaWeather-Forecast.com
 At countless public meetings organized by Iyer, he said that Harijans must be allowed to enter the temple for worship. When, a section of Harijans feared that it was sin to enter the temple, he allayed their apprehension and told them about Temple Entry proclamation made by the Princely state in Kerala. In the wake of his temple entry along with Harijans, he faced hardship and earned the ire of many prominent people. But Rajaji (Rajagopalachari), the then CM, Madras Presidency and also Sri Muthuramalinga Thevar, prominent local leader  gave him solid support and fortunately he was not prosecuted.  Undaunted, Iyer led the Harijans into Koodal Azhagar perumal temple as well as Palani temple.  It was a socio-religious movement well headed by Iyer.  People in Tamil Nadu may not be aware that one Dr. T.S.S.Rajan, a great freedom fighter from Tiruchi  was actively involved in the welfare of the Harijan community. He enrolled lots of members in the Harijan Sevak sangh and with the help of many organizers established many branches of Harijan Sevak sangh  in many places in Tamil Nadu.

The   events  held  at  Madurai  and  earlier in the 1920s and 1930s in  areas like Mayladudurai, Tiruch and Suchindram, Kanyakumari  district, etc.,  created  a big impact on the public. So was Vaikom (Kerala) agitation headed by EVR  in 1924 where Dalits were not allowed to walk through the streets where high-caste Hindus were  living.  The successful temple Entry Movement led by Iyer in 1939  at Madurai impacted well and enabled  the Government of  Madras to pass  the Temple  Entry Act in 1939. It changed the social ethos of  not only Tamil Nadu but also other states.

Madurai had a special place in Gandhi’s heart because it was here he shed the cloth of the upper part of his body and took a new avatar with a loin-cloth below the waist. His transformation into a half-naked fakir was to impress on the Britain and other countries that India had been rendered poor by the British and the poor suffered a lot under the oppressive British regime. Though Gandhiji visited Madurai earlier, he never visited Meenakshi temple because Harijans / untouchables were not allowed to enter the temple. It was on a visit to Madurai in 1946, he worshiped at the temple as it  allowed the Dalits to enter the temple for worship.

Seventy seven years have passed since that landmark event at Madurai, still Dalits are denied entry into some temples in remote places of Tamil Nadu.  Despite Tamil Nadu Un-touchability Eradication Front had  organized more than 50 temple entry agitations between 2008 and 2016, the situation in many temples controlled by caste Hindus has not changed so far. For unknown reasons, the major political parties in Tamil Nadu have lost their reformist zeal and their main focus is on the votes and to stay in power.
https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/man-who-led-harijans-into-the-temple/article4500396.e
 http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/53168832.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst

Cotton College, first institution in NE India founded by Sir. Henry Cotton - colonial India

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Cotton College guwahati.com
Cotton College. Guwahati AssamInfo.Com

Soon after 1857, the British Government in India directly under the Crown began giving serious attention to higher education  to educate the Indians on western system so that they could be used for the government jobs at less salary than their British counter parts. This meant considerable savings for the government, besides they could  run the administration effectively.  Thus came up universities at Madras, Bombay, Calcutta and other places across India afte 1850s.  Unfortunately NE India, bordering with Burmah (Maynmar), was not having any educational facilities and it remained a neglected region.   Toward the end of 19th century it dawned on one British administrator to focus on this neglected region  and he used all the resources at his disposal  and founded  an educational institution here which was to later become one of the important centers of learning in the entire Northeast.

Thus Cotton College came into being in 1901 in Guwahati. The man who  was behind this institution was none other than  Sir Henry John Stedman Cotton, 
Assam province Chief Commissioner whose sweat and toil never went unnoticed.  On November 3, 1899 in Guwahati, he made the announcement to establish a college in Assam, the records state. on May 27, 1901, Sir Cotton said that it was affiliated to Calcutta university.  Prof. Fredrick William Sudmersen became the first principal of the college.  Well, it is to be noted, that numerous graduates from this college were benefited from the course that got them the opportunity to work in the British administration. In was in 1948,  Cotton College became part of the newly formed Guwahati University.

The year 2011 saw the declaration of the historic Act of the Government of Assam whereby This  institution was upgraded to Cotton College State University (CCSU) with Cotton College as its sole constituent college in 2011through an historic
Act of the Government of Assam. Further, this hollowed institution  was also declared as a Special Heritage College in 2015.
Covering an area of 33.474 acres in the prime area of the city of Guwahati, Cotton College  is  about 25 kilometres away from the Gopi Nath Bordoloi International Airport, Borjhar and is about 1 kilometer away from the Assam State Transport Corporation Office and Guwahati Railway station.


A pioneering institution, when it was started in 1901, it had  5 professors and 39 students but today  there are  244 teachers and 5000 students on its rolls. Rated as an A-grade College by the NAAC.  Cotton College, Guwahati has 21 undergraduate and 20 postgraduate departments in science, humanities and social science faculties. This educational institution with British legacy is catering to the educational needs of the NE region of India.
https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/assams-cotton-college-becomes-cotton-university/1065651




Koothambalam, Kerala temple's theater space - additional intetesting facts that you may not know

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. Koothambalam - Kerala Kalamandalam, ThrissuFlickr
small Koothambalam Peruvanam Temple, ThrissurFindMessages.com

In the state of Kerala, a store house of various cultures, often called   God's own country, there is a plethora of art forms - classical, martial and folk  developed over a period of time under the patronage of past rulers.  These art forms need space for retention, performances and growth. Classical forms are presented within a closed space like Koothambalam in a temple complex. Kalari forms the space for martial art forms like Kalaripayattu which is also taught in Kalari; but, this art  form is performed in many other spaces. Thayyam, a folk art form is held in front of the temple in the villages  in the open space without curtains or a stage. Here, I am mainly concerned with - temple theater.

 Koothambalam is a creative, blessed  space or  theater preferably on the temple premises exclusively for staging Koothu, Nangiar koothu and Koodiyattam, the ancient ritualistic  and traditional art forms  in the state of Kerala.  Built as per Nātyasāstra of Bharata Muni, the location  has to be between the Prakaras of Bahyahara and Maryada within the temple.  In Kerala around 14 prominent temples have Koothambalam which gained popularity only in the 16th century and a few reasons are : a. Availability large amount of money to the rulers through mercantile trades with foreign countries. b. Knowledge of scriptures on Natya Sastra by the local Brahmins who were patronized by the rulers, and c. Above all  excellent grasp of carpentry by the skilled local carpenters who had good interaction with foreign carpenters. These social changes gave  impetus to the construction of a closed space for performing arts close to the divinity - an exclusive platform to patronize such art forms that formed the socio-cultural fabric of Kerala.

That  the "concept of performing for the God" gets prominence when performances are held in the temple theater _Koothambalam is quite acceptable. This is true in the case  debut performers who dedicate their first ever performance to the presiding God.

With reference to my earliest post on 'Koothambalam':  https://navrangindia. blogspot.com/2015/07/eye-catching-koothambalam-temple.html, I would like to add the following facts about Natayagraha.

01. The Koothambalam is  sanctified  with Tantrik rites as there is a spiritual link with the temple and the dancing space. etc.

02. Since Lord Shiva  is a cosmic dancer (Nataraja) and is the Lord of dances, at Koothambalam  dances  are performed in the Shaivite tradition, irrespective of the presiding deity.

03. Yet another aspect is this space is  conceptualized as Nandikeswara, the vehicle of Lord Shiva.

04. The stage within the hall is  the most important part of the Natyagraha and is strongly believed to be  as sacred as the temple sanctum or Sri Kovil.


05. The stage is normally built  facing the deity and artists on the stage  perform facing the  deity.

06. Regardless of which direction the main deity in the temple is facing west or east, the Koothambalam has to be to the right side of it.

07. Three important parts of Koothambalam are the roof, the super structure and adishana on which these rest. Thy are built as per guide lines.

08. An interesting feature is there is  a roof within the main roof of the auditorium.

Irinjalakuda: Koothanbalam. stage and ceiling.Tthe hindu com

Main stage and hall, KoothambalamNTD India
Above image: Koothambalam roof structure has hundreds of rafters connected to form a net shaped ceiling, finally connected to a number of koodams. This requires a highly talented and precise erection work. Spaced wooden carvings above the stage - Natya mandapam will improve acoustics, essential for the success of the performance....................................

Koothambal, interior. .archiestudio.in
09. In contrast to the main hall,  the roof over the stage is elaborate and ornamental so as to produce good acoustics. Any small whisper can be picked up and transmitted across the audience far and wide. No distortions in the sound. The ceiling and the breaking-up of its surface into ornamental sections  normally will improve the quality of acoustics.
carved ceiling for acoustics  Koothambalam Images and Imprints
10. The stage wooden ceiling has 49 squares. Nepathya is a small room (something like green room) for the artists. The upper part has narrow jallis for free flow of fresh air.

11. As per Bharata's guide lines,  Kothambalam gives the feeling of a mountain  cave like structure (shailaguhakar); Trellis frames allow  gentle breeze without disturbing the on-going performance and the low protruding roof cuts down Sun's glaze.

Theater seating arrangement. .archiestudio.in
12. As for seating in the theater, tiered seating is not followed nowadays, not so centuries ago. It was caste-specific, people from different castes seat in any place. In the past tiered seating was allowed and Brahmins used to sit close to the stage.

13. As mentioned in Bharata's Nataya Sastra, the drummers and other accompanists perform facing  the East on the stage, even in the case of main deity facing west.

14. Unlike Bharata's treatise on Natya, Kothambalam has three rows of pillars - outer , middle and inner one.

15.  Regarding shape of the dancing space, only square and rectangular shaped Koothambalams are common.

16. The space for the audience is close to the stage and it helps the audience to enjoy the performance at close quarters. In a way, it improves the visual treat for the audience.

17. While the performences are going on a Villaku - oil lamp with three wicks has to be kept going without interruption.

18. The Koothambalam and other ancient temples in Kerala began to use copper plates on their roofs after the Portuguese (15th century) introduced the technique in the region. It gives extra protection to the slante and tiled roof of the Koothambalam against the harsh SW monsoon that brings in lots of rain here.
 

19. Because Shaivite tradition is followed, invocation of Lord Shiva is done by using tantrik rites.

20. As for temple architecture, the principles are taken from the ancient texts, but the construction materials keep changing from time to time. 


 https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/koothambalam-of-sree-koodalmanikyam-temple-has-many
http://mb.ntdin.tv/en/article/english/centuries-old-dance-theatres-kerala-temples-remind-us-ancient-traditions-dance-theatre

http://www.archiestudio.in/de-mystifying_m_arch/ritualistic_articulation_-_performance_spaces

Sir Henry John Cotton, KCSI Liberal MP who supported Indian freedom struggle

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Wikipedia



Sir Henry John Stedman Cotton, KCSI (13 September 1845 – 22 October 1915) was  a young  officer of  the Indian Civil Service (ICS),  at a time when the Indian subcontinent was just out the worst rebellion Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 and the administration came under the direct Crown government, London.  He is not only known for his administrative skill and hard work but also for his personal interest in India-centric problems. He is well remembered for his solid contribution toward education and development of NE India. Further, he was primarily responsible for starting a college in Guwahati, a remote poorly developed town in those days.  

Born in 1845 in the city of Kumbakonam (now in Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu)  in the Madras region of India, to Indian-born parents of English descent, Joseph John Cotton (1813-1867) and Susan Jessie Minchin (1823-1888), he was educated at Magdalen College School in 1856, Brighton College in 1859, and King's College London in 1861. After he successfully passed the Indian Civil Service Examination, a tough entrance exam essential for a career in India he had  joined the British India government. In 1867 in Freshwater, Isle of Wight, Cotton married Mary Ryan (1848-1914). The couple had four children - two sons and two daughters.

 Arriving at at Midnapore, Bengal, Cotton worked under  his immediate superior  William James Herschel, then the local magistrate. From here, Cotton moved up the professional ladder with ease, each time proving  his skill and ability to carry on his work with conviction. 

In 1872 he was posted to Calcutta, and in  the following year he became  Assistant Secretary to the Bengal Government by Sir George Campbell, and later worked under Sir Richard Temple. In 1878 he became magistrate and collector at Chittagong; in 1880 he became Senior Secretary to the Board of Revenue in Bengal. He saw further progress in his career and this time,  Cotton became Revenue Secretary to Government, Financial and Municipal Secretary, and then a member of the Bengal Legislative Council where he had a chance to interact with powerful people.
There was no stopping of his upward mobility in his professional career and his commitments to work helped him get a covetous job -  Chief Commissioner of Assam (1896 to 1902), during which time Assam and other regions were struck by  a powerful earthquake in 1897.With concerted efforts, he handled the emergency situation well. 

Focusing his attention to the neglected field of education in the NE part of India, he committed himself to starting a college there.   On November 3, 1899 in Guwahati, he made the announcement to establish a college in Assam, the records mention. In 1901, Cotton College was started and on May 27, 1901, Sir Cotton said that it was affiliated to Calcutta university. The college that began with 39 students and 5 teachers, now has become a leading institution with more than 5000 students and 244 teachers. Lately, it has become a state university.
Home Rule exponents. Annie besant and Tilak YouTube

 In his 1885 book New India, or India in Transition (revised edition 1907) Henry Cotton openly supported Home Rule   and advocated his cause. Indian home rule movement began in India in the back ground of World War I and in 1910s  Annie Besant, freedom fighter of Irish descent  and freedom fighter Bal Gangadra Tilak advocated  Home Rule with only Indian participation.  Sir Cotton was not happy the way the British ran the administration, paying least attention to the aspirations of the Indians for a Home land.  He was quite sympathetic toward Indian struggle for freedom and his frequent interactions with Indian leaders gave him a chance to be the President of the Indian National Congress in 1904 - one of the few non-Indians to do so. For effective administration  and efficiency  Lord  Curzon mooted the idea of partition of Bengal, which Sir Cotton opposed vociferously. The partition of Bengal  took place on 16 October 1905 and it separated the largely Muslim eastern areas from the largely Hindu western areas. This irritated the Hindus  who recognized it as a ploy to "divide and rule" policy. The  invasion of Tibet (Dec.1903 to Sept. 1904) by the British under the Tibet Frontier Commission, again proposed  by  Lord Curson irked Sir Cotton.

After returning to England, he served as a Liberal Party Member of Parliament (MP) for Nottingham East from 1906 to January 1910 and continued to evince keen interest in India's freedom and never failed to give his support for it. There he formed a radical pro-Indian parliamentary group, and  was highly critical of  his own government's actions in India. Already in poor health, he was narrowly defeated in his attempt for re-election in 1910. In spite of his poor health and financial constraints  he was an active writer and activist on behalf of Indian rights until the end of his life.
In 1911 he published his memoirs, Indian and Home Memories. Sir Henry Cotton died at his home in St John's Wood, London, in October 1915.
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Cotton_(Liberal_MP)


















 








Guardian. Retrieved 25 July

Irish MP and ''Quaker'' Alfred Webb who supported India's freedom struggle

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Alfred Webb supported Indian freedom movement, en.wikipedia.org/

Alfred John Webb (1834–1908),  an Irish Quaker, hailing  from a family of activist printers, was a no-nonsense  politician of independent thinking  who globally supported people's freedom and fundamental rights. Having become  an Irish Parliamentary Party politician and Member of Parliament (MP), he was an enthusiastic participants  in nationalist movements around the world. He was a staunch supporter of Issac Butt’s Home Government Association, a pressure group that called for Home Rule in Ireland (May 1870) and the United Irish League that was launched in Jan, 1898 and their motto was: ''Land for the people''.  As Alfred Webb had been watching the struggle going in India and the protests to get freed from the British yoke, he took keen interest in the nationalist movements going on in the subcontinent,  Obviously, there was no surprise that  he came over to  Madras in 1894 and became the third non-Indian (after George Yule and William Wedderburn) to preside over the Indian National Congress that was founded in 1855 - first modern  national movement emerged in the British Empire in Asia and Africa.

Alfred Webb, only son of the three children of Richard Davis Webb and Hannah Waring Webb, was a native of Dublin. In those days there existed a group "called''Quakers"and this group, being humane and just as they were, supported reforms such as suffrage, the abolition of slavery and anti-imperialism. The people in the British colonies world over underwent untold misery and suppression of justice with no solution in sight.  Webb's family ran a printing shop in Dublin and  printed booklets for many of these causes and, in turn, their regular customers grew to include other similar organizations.

Hindustan Times front page on August 15, 1947.Hindustan Times

While  taking a keen role in Irish politics, Alfred Webb  found time to  write a Compendium of Irish Biography. In 1865, he began to take  more active interest in Irish politics and was first elected to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom on 24 February 1890, when he won a by-election for the West Waterford constituency. He was again returned for West Waterford in the 1892 general election, this time as an anti-Parnellite MP.

His  politically motivated family began to focus on the welfare of British colonies  where the natives were subject to oppressive rule. Alfred Webb and his family became  and had been an unequivocal opponents of the opium traffic into China which affected the Indian land owners on one hand and on the other the health of the Chinese population.  Webb, being a close friend of Dadabhai Naoroji (Indian patriot and MP British Parliament 1892 -1895), a key member of the Indian National Congress, was closely watching the Indian situation. It was Naoroji who invited Webb to preside over the Indian National Congress  session in 1894 in Madras (Chennai).

India freedom struggle fotosearch.com

His fellow Quaker activist Catherine Impey founded in 1888 a journal in support of Anti-Caste, Britain's first anti-racism. Besides being a supporter of the journal, Webb went one step ahead  to rally subscribers and activists for the journal around the world. Along with Dadabhai Naoroji, Webb requested people to support the new association  so that globally people would be free from such evils such as racism, slavery and exploitation as the new society stood for the Furtherance of Human Brotherhood’.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Webb




William Wedderburn ICS, founder of the Congress, who worked with the Indian freedom fighters

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Sir William Wedderburn, 4th Baronet, JP DL (25 March 1838 – 25 January 1918), a Scottish man,  born in Edinburgh, was the  son of Sir John Wedderburn, 2nd Baronet and Henrietta Louise Milburn.  He was a civil servant and politician.  Educated at Edinburgh University, he joined the Indian Civil Service  to take up a job in India as his father and an older brother had done before.  He attempted to bring about reforms in banking to solve the problems of peasants during his working career. The British India government put his  reforms on the back burner and gave him no support.  He retired to help found the Indian National Congress and support local self-government.
William Wedderburn ICS, politician and Indian sympathizer. Wikipedia
Indian freedom struggle.  Quora
Entering  the Indian Civil Service in Bombay in 1860,  he began his official duty at Dharwar (Karnataka) as an Assistant Collector, later he served as District Judge and Judicial Commissioner in Sind and subsequently he worked in different capacity,  holding a variety of positions. He was secretary to Bombay Government, Judicial and Political Departments; and from 1885 acted as Judge of the High Court, Bombay. He retired as acting Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay in 1887.
statue of Annie Besant and a bust of ‘Sir William Wedderburn Bart thehindu.com
Sir William Wedderburn and the Indian Reform Movement.  eBay
While on assignments in the rural parts of India, he got first hand  information on the problems being faced by the Indian farmers such as famine, poverty, loans, etc and when he got down to the bottom of it he found out the peasants' grievances were up to their neck. They  were appalling and needed to be addressed. It was primarily caused by money lenders; actually they were almost like loan sharks demanding exorbitant interest on the loan.  Wedderburn  came up with a novel idea  and  suggested that co-operative  agricultural banks be established to provide credits  to the needed farmers at reasonable rates. The proposal was supported in India but was blocked by the India Office in London. The indifferent attitude of the British India government disappointed him, so he took the cudgels against the bureaucracy.
Indian freedom struggle against the british. photoartinc.com
Wedderburn, toeing the line of  Lord Ripon wanted to introduce certain reforms  to develop local self-government and equality to Indian judges. Then, Indian judges were not treated on par with British judges by the judiciary.  Indian judges could not try British subjects / convicts in their courts!! The British India government did not like his reforms that would favor the Indian natives and became suspicious of Weddeburn's loyalty to the British government. Many in officialdom went to the extent of  considering him  a 'Traitor" on account of his humane and sympathetic attitude toward Indians. This resulted in the denial of  a judge post in the Bombay high court because Wedderburn gave priority to aspirations of Indians to rule their land. Being an honest and unbiased official, he retired as early as 1887.  He plunged into India's freedom struggle through democratic means  and became a Congress man.  Along with Allan Octavian Hume he was a founder of the Indian National Congress and served as its president in 1889 (4th session; Bombay session) and 1910 (Allahabad Silver Jubilee Sessions). INC was formed to fight for freedom from Britain through democratic means. 
 “What are the practical objects of the Congress movement? They are, to revive the national life, and to increase the material prosperity of country; and what better objects could we have before us? Lastly, as regards our methods, they are open and constitutional, and based solely on India's reliance upon British justice and love of fair play.”  From the Presidential Address - William Wedderburn I.N.C. Session, 1889, Bombay
Indian freedom struggleGiGlee Magazine
Politically inspired, he worked with most influential Congress leaders in Bombay and in 1890 he chaired the British committee of the Indian National Congress. He attempted to support the Indian freedom movement through parliamentary action in Britain  and through publications. In the course of his work he became a close associate of G. K. Gokhale of the Congress. While in England, he served as Liberal Member of Parliament for Banffshire from 1893 to 1900.
He never failed to associate himself with the Indian affairs and considered a true friend of Indian movement. He was a member of many Royal Commissions  on India and  was the chairman of Indian Parliamentary Committee besides being the Chairman, British Committee of the Indian National Congress.  In 1910 he took serious efforts to sort out the differences  between Hindus and Muslims  and preferred a constitutional solution rather than  militant actions; the later will yield no results but apathy.
He succeeded to his brother's (Sir David)  baronetcy in 1879, adding that rather confusing Bart to his name. His wife was Mary Blanche Hoskyns and by her had two daughters, one was born in Pune.   He died at his home in Meredith, Gloucestershire on 25 January 1918 (aged 79).

Tit-bits:

01.  In the YMCA building, at 49 Moore Street (Second Line Beach, Chennai (Madras) there were  a statue of Annie Besant and a bust of ‘Sir William Wedderburn Bart”. They were, it, is believed, from the Gokhale Hall. Their connection with the YMCA building is a riddle. I don not know whether they are removed from the present location!

02. Wedderburn was member of the Welby Commission on Indian Expenditure (1895-1900), of which Dadabhai Naoroji was also a member.

03. He was the founder of the Congress and its president in 1889 and 1910.

04. He remained the Chairman of the British Committee of the Congress from July 1889 until his death

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Wedderburn
https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Madras-Miscellany-The-Scottish-lsquoServant-of-Indiarsquo/article16301168.ece
 https://www.inc.in/en/leadership/past-party-president/sir-william-wedderburn

Khudiram Bose, this 18 year old patriot was hanged to death 110 years ago this month - British India

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Patriot Khudiram too uoung to die at the gallows Making India
This month, 110 years ago, a young boy and a Bengali patriot Khudiram Bose, in his teens, was hanged to death for killing two British women in  Muzaffarpur, Bihar.  In many Indian states he remains relatively unknown in spite of being one the youngest revolutionaries of the Indian freedom struggle to die at18.
During the struggle for India's freedom, the attitude of the British administration directly under the Crown had not changed after the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 and the racial discrimination in jobs, exploitation of Indian lands, dumping of British products and destruction of cottage industries  continued in a subtle manner. Though a large section of people wanted to be free democratically, a small section felt the British were hard nut to crack and the only recourse was to instill fear in them by killing British officials to hasten the process of getting freedom. Besides, they thought, such assassinations would get world-wide publicity,  show the British in bad light and  bring into focus how much the Indian natives hated the British rule . Among the Indian states, Bengal became a breeding ground for innumerable freedom fighters and some of them became revolutionaries and encourage violence against the foreign rulers. Unfortunately their love for the country, sacrifices to free the country  go unnoticed. This is true of Khudiram Bose, a young student of Midnapore Collegiate School.  Bose was heavily influenced and inspired by freedom fighters like Aurobindo Ghosh who later became a spiritual leader.

The Indian Panorama
Khudiram Bose (3 December 1889 – 11 August 1908) was an Indian Bengali revolutionary and was against the British oppressive rule. He could not reconcile himself to the fact that Indians were discriminated against by the British who exploited the Indian resources and the gullible Indians. Having become a revolutionary, he took to violence as the only way to make the British understand how much abomination the Indians  had for their unjust rule in India.
Patriot Khudiram Quora
Khudiram, along with his associate Prafulla tried to assassinate District Judge, Mr. Kingsford  by throwing bombs which blew up the carriage in which Kingsford was supposed to be in, but he was not. Two British ladies were killed in the incident. When the police closed in on Prafulla,  he committed suicide  to avoid torture and pain. Khudiram was arrested and tried for the murder of the two ladies and sentenced to death. When facing death, Kudiram was just 18 years, 8 months 8 days old, making him one of the youngest revolutionaries in India 
The Quint

Mahatma Gandhi who said, ''that the Indian People will not win their freedom through these methods"did not appeal for the reduction of punishment for the young man. Instead, he felt sorry for the death of two innocent British women. A section of the Indian population was 'aghast at Gandhiji's attitude as he had not even an iota of sympathy for a young boy in his teens who gave up his life for this country'.

Born on December 3, 1889 in the small village named "Habibpur" in Midnapore district of Bengal, Kudiram Bose  lost his parents at a young age and was brought up by his sister Aparupa Roy. He attended the school  and college at Medinapore where in 1902-1903 Sri Aurobindo and Sister Nivedita respectively organized public lectures, besides conducting secret meeting with revolutionary groups. Khudiram, being patriotic attended these secret sessions that gave him inspiration to join the revolutionary group. Having  joined Anushilan Samiti, he got in contact with people inspired by Barindra Kumar Ghosh of Calcutta. At the age of 15 he became a volunteer and distributed pamphlets against the British rule and this landed him in jail.  

Hem Chandra Kanungo (Hem Chandra Kanungo Das), an associate of  Barindra Kumar Ghosh in 1907 learned the art of bomb making  in French. Back in India, he worked with Barin Ghosh again. Now, they chose a target one Douglas Kingsford who was the Chief Magistrate of the Presidency court of Alipore, and had handled the trials of Bhupendranath Dutta and other editors of Jugantar, sentencing them to rigorous imprisonment.  The court cases popularized the Anushilan Samiti's ideology of revolutionary nationalism that approved terrorism as a way to achieve the goal. It was popular among a small section of the people. 

 Kingsford, arrogant as he was,  also earned the ire of nationalists when he ordered the whipping of a young Bengali boy for participating in the protests that followed the Jugantar trial. As Chief Magistrate of Calcutta Presidency, Kingsford had passed several verdicts giving severe punishments  to  young political workers and at one stage, he became a maniac, bent on giving harsh sentences even for light crimes.

Hem  made a futile bid  to  assassinate Kingford with a book bomb at a time when he
was transferred to Muzaffarpur in 1908 in northern part of Bihar on promotion as District Judge. Resolved to assassinate Kingford, Anushilan Samiti  after initial survey of the town - Muzaffarpur in April sent  Prafulla Chaki and  Khudiram Bose with  explosives (6 ounces of dynamite) and other materials to be used to kill Kingford.

The  Calcutta police got  the scent that there was a plan afoot to finish notorious judge  Kingsford and  alerted the Muzaffarpur police officials. Kingsford was warned about the impending danger to his life, but he never paid any attention to it. However, his security was beefed up at his residence and other places. 

On the trail of Kingford, Khudiram changed his name to "Haren Sarkar", and Prafulla to "Dinesh Chandra Roy", and they checked into a  residence in a 'dharmashala' (free, charitable inn).  For the next few days both of them  keenly watched the daily routine  activities of Kingford and his security, taking notes of target's timings at the court, the club and his house. They decided to carry on their plan  on the evening of 29 April and the place was near the British Club, Kingford'd favorite recreation place. The park across the club gave Khudiram and Prafulla  a good view of the club As the police were close by, they changed the plan..

For three weeks, the duo went under the different names and moved around the town without raising suspicion. Following day in the evening - 30 April 1908 they came to the same spot and the presence of police alerted them and theey hid behind a tree.  Kingsford was busy  playing bridge that night at the club with his wife and the wife and daughter of Pringle Kennedy, a leading pleader of Muzaffarpur Bar. Around 8.30 Pm, they finisedh the game and ready to go home. 

Kingsford and his wife were in a carriage right  behind the one carrying Pringles. The crux of the problem was both  horse- drawn carriages were identical in appearance and  Khudiram and Prafulla had no idea which carriage was carrying Kingford, Further, it was almost dark.  As the ladies carriage was just near Kingford's  compound  to go past it, two men ran towards it from the opposite or southern side of the road where they had been hiding under the trees.  One of them or both (?) lobbed a bomb into the carriage. After the explosion, the carriage was shattered and the English ladies were severely injured and later both of them succumbed to horrible injuries. As for Kingford, it was the edit of providence that he had to stay alive.

As this incident took place before 9 PM, the entire town was cordoned off by the police who were on the look out of the culprits. Kadiram, after his execution attempt, chose the country side and walked  a long distance non-stop around 25 miles  and was finally caught at a place called "Waini" (Now known as Khudiram Bose Pusa Station or Pusa Road Station) by the cops after some struggle.
As for Prafulla Chaki, he walked long distance and a resident, knowing well he was the assassin the police were looking for, took pity on him helped him get back to Calcutta. Unfortunately luck ran out quickly on him.  At Mokamagha where he had to take a train to Calcutta, a police inspector saw him and altered the near by police station. When a posse arrived, after unsuccessful firing at the Indian sub Inspector, Prafulla tried to escape from the railway station. Finally exhausted, to avoid mental agony and torture, he shot himself to death. 

On 1 May, the handcuffed Khudiram was brought from that station to Muzaffarpur.  Kudiram took the entire responsibility for the murder and did not want to betray his associate who was already dead which he did not know. After a long trial and appeals to higher courts to reduce the sentence, finally on 11 August 1908 at 6 am young and daring freedom fighter was hanged to death. He never appeared disturbed nor had he  shown fear when he was taken to the gallows and the cap drawn over his head. Khudiram Bose was just 18 years of age  he was sentenced to death. The entire Bengal mourned his death and it gave boost to India's freedom struggle. As for the British, again opened a Padora' box, this time in Bengal.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khudiram_Bose
https://www.quora.com/Do-We-Remember-Khudiram-Bose-Youngest-Martyr-of-India



Martyr Madan Lal Dhingra today 109 years ago was hanged to death by the British court in London -Indian freedom struggle

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Shaheed Madan Lal Dhingra iStampGallery.Com Revival of True Indi
YouTube
This day 17 August 109 years ago, a young Indian student in England gave his life for our country so that in the later years we would be free from the unjust British rule and breathe fresh air of freedom. That 26 year old man was none other than Shaheed Madan Lal Dhingra, Punjabi. hailing from a rich family. We got our freedom through sweat , blood and sacrifices of people like Dhingra, Vanchi, VOC and others, but unfortunately, our present politicians with, no firm ideology, are bleeding us while they are wallowing in ill-gotten money. What outrages the people is they have no qualms about their lack of integrity and efficiency when they are in power. Their motto is: 'Their family welfare is more important than people's welfare'.  This great patriot Madan Lal Dhingra remains unknown in many states, in particular, Tamil Nadu due to lack of awareness  and it is a shame. It is our duty to pay a lasting tribute to  Indian freedom fighters who laid their lives during the colonial days.
Quotes
Shaheed Madan Lal Dhingra (Punjabi: (18 September 1883 - 17 August 1909), an Indian revolutionary and freedom activist, while he was a student took active interest in protests against the British occupation of India. When he went abroad for higher studies, his patriotic zeal never declined, rather it became prominent.  His assassination of   Sir William Hutt Curzon Wyllie, a British official became one of the few  first acts of revolution abroad  in the 20th century for  Indian independence movement that gripped the entire country.     
Madan Lal Dhingra was born on 8 February 1883 in a Punjabi family in Amritsar, India, hisfather was a civil surgeon and all his brothers had their education abroad.  When he was a student at the Government College University, Lahore in 1904 he  headed a students' protest rally against the principal, refusing to wear the college Blazer  made of cloth imported from England for which he was expelled from the college. At that time Dhingra was a student in the Master of Arts program. Being a man of independent thinking, he slowly became obsessed with India's fundamental problems, poverty, extensive impoverishment and famine partly created by the British Raj. He was drawn close to nationalist Swadeshi movement as the British were dumping imported clothes,etc and damaging India's vast cottage industries. Only Swaraj - Self rule alone could solve India's mounting problems and it would  stop exploitation of Indians by Britain.  Dhingra had a brief chequered career in India as his labor union activities got him into trouble. Upon his brother Dr. Bihari Lal's advice, from Mumbai he went to England in 1906 for higher studies and there he joined University College, London, to study mechanical engineering. Financial help came from his elder brother. 
Sentenced 17 Aug. 1908 Martyr Madan Lal Dingra. Twitter
In the early1900s, India House in Highgate became a hub of Indian political activists  and  Indian revolutionaries. Here Dhingra came under the influence of noted Indian independence and political activists Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and Shyamji Krishna Varma. They were much impressed by   Dhingra's commitment to India's  freedom struggle by any means including assassination of British officials in India, thus toeing the line of thinking of  Savarkar. He allegedly gave Dhingra arms training and soon began to frequent a shooting range on Tottenham Court Road. He became an active member of  a secretive society, the Abhinav Bharat Mandal founded by Savarkar and his brother Ganesh. The purpose was to free India from the British, if need be through the cult of violence.
Shaheed Madan Lal Dhingra iStampGallery.Com
Back in India the partition of Bengal into East Bengal (predominantly Muslims) and West Bengal (predominantly Hindus) in 1905 under the direction of Lord Curzon, using administrative efficiency as an excuse, became a serious political issue and the freedom fighters and others thought it was a ploy to drive a wedge between two communities - Hindus and Muslims.  No doubt this unwanted partition enraged people like Savarkar, Dhingra, and others. Dingra's political activities affected his family's peace and prestige and ultimately his father  Dr. Gitta Mall officially disowned him. 

Earlier Dingra's attempt to assassinate
Lord Curzon, Viceroy of India, the  ex-Governor of Bengal, Bramfield Fuller could not materialize as the timing was not suitable to him. So, he decided to target Curzon Wyllie who  had joined the British Army in 1866 and the Indian Political Department in 1879. His distinguished service got him promotion quickly and at last he became Political Aide-de-Camp to the Secretary of State for India. Further, being  the head of the Secret Police and he had been trying to gather  information about Savarkar and other revolutionaries. So, Dingra made up his mind to target him as Wylie was spreading the net wide on the revolutionaries.
On the evening of 1 July 1909, the Indian National Association at the Imperial Institute, London  hosted the annual 'At Home'function. Also present  at the gala function were a large number of Indians and Englishmen. Sir Curzon Wyllie, political aide-de-camp to the Secretary of State for India was to be present and  Dhingra never wished to miss the opportunity to shoot Wylie. When Wylie was leaving the hall with his wife, Dhingra fired  five shots, four of which hit their target. Cawas Lalcaca[, a Parsee doctor who tried to save Sir Curzon, was hit by the 6th and 7th shot  and died.

Dhingra's suicide attempt, having been failed, he was arrested by the police.  Dhingra was tried in the Old Bailey on 23 July. He argued for himself and did not have a lawyer for him. He said he killed Wylie Curson  as part of his patriotic duty to free India from the oppressive and inhuman rule. It was exploitation of land and people by the British masters all the way. Further, it may be taken as a   revenge for the inhumane killings of countless Indians by the British Government in India who wanted their Home Land back. His killing of Cawas Lalcaca was just accidental. He was sentenced to death by the British Court. When the judge handed down  his verdict, Dhingra is believed  to have stated: "I am proud to have the honor of laying down my life for my country". Madan Lal Dhingra was hanged on 17 August 1909 at Pentonville Prison.

Dhingra's actions also inspired some of the Irish, who were fighting their own struggle at the time.
ExecutedToday.com
 Dhingra made the following statement before the court (vide: Wikipedia):
   '' I do not want to say anything in defence of myself, but simply to prove the justice of my deed. .......''

 '' ..... if it is patriotic in an Englishman to fight against the Germans if they were to occupy this country, it is much more justifiable and patriotic in my case to fight against the English. I hold the English people responsible for the murder of eighty millions of Indian people in the last fifty years, and they are also responsible for taking away ₤100,000,000 every year from India to this country. ............. the English people have no right to occupy India, and it is perfectly justifiable on our part to kill the Englishman who is polluting our sacred land. I am surprised at the terrible hypocrisy, the farce, and the mockery of the English people. They pose as the champions of oppressed humanity—the peoples of the Congo and the people of Russia—when there is terrible oppression and horrible atrocities committed in India; for example, the killing of two millions of people every year and the outraging of our women......''
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madan_Lal_Dhingra

https://navrangindia.blogspot.com/2017/02/the-unfortunate-assassination-of.html

Beautiful Mae De Deus Church, Goa - a legacy of Portuguese rule here

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Mae De Deus Church, Saligao, Goa Alamy
Mae De Deus Church, Saligao, Goa  TripAdvisor
Among the Indian states, the small coastal state of Goa. West India  was once a Portuguese colony that existed here till 1960s. Hence it has numerous inspiring and impressive churches whose amazing architecture may baffle our imagination. These churches, steeped in colonial history, are located in serene environment close to the sea and are being visited by lots of tourists.



The Mae De Deus (Mother Of God) Church in Saligao, Bardez, Goa is one of the finest churches in India whose foundation was laid on 7 February  1867, but was inaugurated on 26th November 1873. Located at Daujim, Barduz taluka a tiny suburb of Old Goa in the 16th century, of which today only the tallest cross on a pedestal is seen among shrubs and coconut groves, one  Salvador Pinto a resident of Saligao, took the initiative to have a separate church built along with a separate parish. Before the construction of this church, the Saligao Catholics were part of the parish church of the Holy Trinity at the neighboring village of Nagoa. It is said that stones from three different sites went into construction - two of them religious institutions. The black stones came from the ruins of the Mae de Deus convent in Daujim, the second  came from the Chapel of Our Lady of Victory, which was in a dilapidated condition, while the rest was built with stones from a nearby quarry.
Mae De Deus Church, Saligao, Goa flickr.com

Mae De Deus Church, Saligao, Goa Justdial

This beautiful church built in  Gothic style with elegant tapering spires each with a Cross  and pristine white wall is reminiscent of fairy-tale castle. The portal of the church  is a tall one dome-shaped. A dome-shaped facade with tapering spire is an unusual sight. It is a good example of Neo-Gothic architecture of grandeur and beauty confirmed by  pointed arch, with buttresses supporting its exteriors, belfry, and spikes all so built to bring out the nuances of  Gothic architecture. In the whole of Goa, no other structure has this kind of majestic appearance that is quite inspiring. 
Mae De Deus Church, Saligao, Goa TripAdvisor
The church houses the miraculous  wooden statue of Mae De Deus painted in golden color and was  originally from the Mae De Deus Church of Daujim-Old Goa. The statue arrived here ceremoniously  in a decorated boat across the Mandovi River to Betim.  The courtyard of the Church contains another statue of the Mae de Deus, this one made of black stone. This church and the neighboring one were disputing over the statue as to where it should be kept. The delicate, but subtle issue was finally settled amicably by the Government Order passed on the 20th of June, 1865 which was approved by the King of Portugal.
Saligoa. FeedYeti.com
Saligoa. /richmondepark.com
In addition to main altar, there are six sub altars in this church, the latter are dedicated to different saints. The altar, which is carved and gilded is backed by a reredos, which is nicely carved and gilded and tapers gracefully toward the ceiling. It is worthy to mention that the altar of Christ, the Redeemer holds the Blessed Sacrament which was consecrated by the Patriach Dom Antonio Valente during his pastoral visit in 1883. hence, this church is steeped in history. 

The first Sunday of May is celebrated as the church feast, the feast of Our Lady, the Mother of God; it is  preceded by a nine day novena, the celebrations and Masses on each day being organized by a different ward of Saligao.
https://planbox.wordpress.com/2011/12/13/the-mae-de-deus-mother-of-god-church-in-saligao-bardez-goa-india/

The Good Shepherd church, Kottayam - one of the nicest places of worship in Kerala

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Among the Indian states, Kerala has a large Christian community of various denominations and is home to Orthodox  Syrian Christians. This state has countless churches built in the 18th and 19th centuries There are many Portuguese churches here as a small part of Malabar was once a Portuguese colony. Invariably all these old churches have distinctive style of design, a fusion of Indo- European style.
The Good Shepherd church,  Kottayam www.discoverkottayam.com
The Good Shepherd church,  Kottayam in the southern state of Kerala, is among the old churches in this state, the oldest being seven and half churches built by Apostle St. Thomas himself  in 52 AD during his tour in this part. Constructed in the year, 1882, this church saw major renovation work in 1964 after a long hiatus. The restoration was done in such a way, there was no compromise on either to lose its heritage value or loss of old structural design.   Located behind the Civil Station, and close to the police ground in Kottayam, it has the distinction being an important church under  the Diocese of Vijayapuram.  Besides, it is considered one of the nicest churches in Kerala.

The Good Shepherd church,  Kottayam  Vijayapuram Diocese
Being a popular church, it has distinctive appearance as its  architecture is largely influenced by Italian designs, motiff and patterns. Visitors  to this church, once they leave this place, can not shake off their lingering feeling  caused by the rich structural design of this old church and its ambiance.  

The Good Shepherd church,  Kottayam  ixigo blog
The annual feast of Good Shepherd Church in Kottayam  from 10th to 12th April and feast of Saint Sebastian that is held every year on January 20th are significant major religious events attended by a large section of people from far and wide.   Good Shepherd has its own charm that is quite tempting, not because it is a beautiful church built in the colonial period,  not because it has hoary past, but because the altar is so so colorfully decorated with  flowers of various hues and an array of candles, its divinity is personified. Here, your problems and worries get melted away in this sanctified place under the Almighty's shadows.

Kottayam, being a busy city,  is connected with the rest of India  by train.  It can be easily accessed by highways from any part of Kerala and neighboring states Tamil nadu and Karnataka.

 https://planbox.wordpress.com/2011/12/15/the-good-shepherd-church-kottayam-keralaindia/

Afghan Church and the beautiful stained glass windows - a war monument in Mumbai in poor state

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Afghan church  Mumbai.en.wikipedia.org
Afghan church exterior, Mumbai.dreamstime.com

Anglican Afghan  Church in South Mumbai Pinterest
 The 160 year old Anglican Afghan Church in South Mumbai (Colaba area), India,  built by the East India company is a mute  testimony to those who fought hard to safeguard the prestige of the British Crown and in the process  laid down their lives  in the first disastrous Afghan War of 1838 -1842 (the Battle of Maiwand near Kandahar). The Berkshire Regiment suffered heavy losses  in the battle. This church is the only monument dedicated to those of the British forces taken part in the first two Afghan Wars (the second one fought between  1878-80). No doubt, the interior of the church is writ with  stark appearance of a monument. Surprisingly 4,500 British officers and soldiers died in the first of three Afghan wars and  Britain’s Grand Army of the Indus retreated from Kabul in 1842 having been clobbered, nay almost virtually annihilated by the tribesmen. In the aftermath the morale of the British troops nosedived. This church is a legacy of early colonial period

 Consecrated  as a War Memorial on January 07, 1858 by Bishop Harding, earlier the church was known as St. John the Evangelist (established in 1847). The 60 meter tall bell Tower (houses 8 large bells) enhanced the  beauty of this  church  in 1865 as  its construction got delayed. The impressive  Victorian arches of the doorway and the slender spire  bring out the best of Gothic design. Its architect was one William Butterfield. Thanks to the munificence of Viceroy James Bruce Elgin, a Scotsman, who bore the  cost of construction of the church. The church has rosewood pews with holders in the backrests where soldiers could keep their rifles  and comfortably attend the service. This church  is set in a nice well-laid garden that includes a 168 year old banyan tree, a Cyprus tree and others that are home to numerous birds.

Amazing stained glass windows of the church:  

The term stained glass can refer to colored glass as a material or to works created from it. Over the past 1000 years, the term has been applied almost exclusively to the windows of churches, mosques and other important buildings. Traditionally it is made in flat panels and but used as windows.
Stained glass refers to  glass that  is  colored by adding metallic salts during its manufacture. The colored glass is crafted into stained glass windows in which small pieces of glass are arranged to form patterns or pictures, held together (traditionally) by strips of lead and supported by a rigid frame. Painted details and yellow stain are often used to enhance the design. The term stained glass is also applied to windows in which the colors have been painted onto the glass and then fused to the glass in a kiln.  Stained glass, as an art and a craft, requires the artistic skill to conceive an appropriate and workable design, and the engineering skills to assemble the pieces. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stained_glass)

Nerolac ArchEdge
Anglican Church in South Mumbai,Pinterest
Anglican Church in South Mumbai,Getty Images
Away from the din of ever busy Mumbai's madding crowd and vehicular traffic, the church is known for its fine architecture and amazing stained glass windows that will never fail to leave a lasing impression on the visitors that include many Europeans. There are are 64 stained glass panels  that need to be restored for the posterity. The credit goes to English craftsman  William Wailes whose workmanship, clarity in design and mastery in the art of right mixing of colors in the glasses bring out the beauty of such stained glass windows. According to experts the quality of such stained glass panels is so good for a small church like this one and it is comparable to those in the huge cathedrals.  When the beam of sun's rays  come through the stained glass windows, they come out alive and the interior glows with a maze of colors. 
Anglican Church in South Mumbaiin.pinterest.com
Anglican AfghanChurch in South Mumbai Wikipedia
Anglican AfghanChurch in South Mumbai Alamy
Anglican Church in South Mumbai Pinterest
Anglican AfghanChurch in South Mumbai Pinterest
 The church is a fine piece of architecture with a varnished teak wood roof with hammer beam style ribbing, the flooring of the church made of en-caustic tiles with colored clay shipped from England. Media reports  point out the poor-up keep of the church - the roof, interior woodwork and outer wall, and stone work all need repair and restoration. In particular, the roof has to be laid with fresh tiles.  Because of paucity of funds, the church steeped in history, is not well taken care of and according to the pastor, worships are few. Though the repair work is going on, the funds allotted are not good enough to do a nice job. The crux of the problem is this church is classified as  Grade I heritage monument. The church needs up to Rs 10 crores to bring it back to glory. The church committee members are optimistic to rededicate this church after major restoration work in the foreseeable future.
https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/mumbais-160-year-old-afghan-church-is-in-dire-need-of-restoration/article24230787.ece
https://navrangindia.blogspot.com/2015/09/afghan-church-mumbai-in-memory-of.html


Wiston Churchill's abusive quotes on India, Gandhiji and others!!

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 Winston Churchill, A contrarian world - Blogger
 Winston Churchill, a conservative British politician  who was twice the PM of Britain - 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955, was a well-known India baiter, a racist and a staunch believer in Britishness and English supremacy. Being a bad mouth with a vile tongue, his  remarks on Gandhi, India and others are sharp and much worse than poison darts dipped in poison made from secretions from South American Poison frogs. They are quite insulting, intimidating and  overstep on human decency. Such insinuating remarks are not worthy of a seasoned, mature European politician. The British media and the British  elite there created a myth that Churchill saved the world from the Nazi devils; it is absolutely not true. Thanks to the Americans and Russians, but for them,  Winston would have found himself turning around and moaning in an English church's grave yard long long ago during the war. Winston's remarks are quite shameful and unashamedly he cast a blot on the goodness of the British society.  A few of his abusive and abrasive remarks are as follows:

On Gandhiji:
A book on Gandhi & Churchill by ArthurHerman
 ...After the success of salt Satyagraha the then Viceroy Lord Irwin wanted to open a dialogue with Gandhiji. Churchill bitterly opposed it.  He was "against this surrender to Gandhi. I am against these conversations and agreements between Lord Irwin and Mr. Gandhi. Gandhi stands for the expulsion of Britain from India. Gandhi stands for the permanent exclusion of British trade from India. Gandhi stands for the substitution of Brahmin domination for British rule in India. You will never be able to come to terms with Gandhi".

To Churchill British rule must firmly rest on  assertion and the show of strong authority and must  avoid  conciliatory attitude for it exposes a large surface of weakness of the British. 

... Speaking at the Constitutional Club on March 26, 1931, Churchill observed that "Gandhi, with deep knowledge of the Indian peoples, by the dress he wore — or did not wear, by the way in which his food was brought to him at the Viceregal Palace, deliberately insulted, in a manner which he knew everyone in India would appreciate, the majesty of the King's representative. These are not trifles in the East. Thereby our power to maintain peace and order among the immense masses of India has been sensibly impaired."


... In 1943 When Gandhi was on fast unto death, Churchill hoped that he would starve to death.  When in 1944 Gandhiji wrote to the Viceroy of India about  possible British withdrawal, Churchill thought "the Viceroy had no business to correspond with a traitor who ought to be put back in prison".

Churchill on Gandhi.izquotes.com
 ... Sir Winston Churchill,  purportedly one of the great heroes of world war II, while addressing the Council of the West Essex Unionists on February 23, 1931, made carping remarks which he and most likely  much of his audience would have felt. He said (February 17, 1931):
''... it was alarming to see Mr. Gandhi, a seditious Middle Temple lawyer, now posing as a fakir of a type well-known in the East, striding half-naked up the steps of the Viceregal Palace, while he is still organizing and conducting a defiant campaign of civil disobedience, to parley on equal terms with the representative of the King-Emperor." 


... During the Bengal famine of 1943 Churchill, then the Prime Minister of Great Britain,  responded to urgent requests to divert food supplies to India with a telegram asking, if food was
so  scarce,  "why Gandhi hadn't died yet".

/politics5.wordpress.com
... Instead of being sympathetic, Winston Churchill, ignoring his colleagues' advice to save the dying Indians on time he wantonly diverted the grain-lade ship at Calcutta harbor to Europe to improve the buffer stock for emergency in case of war. When honest British officials pointed out his mistake he irrationally remarked that it was their own fault for "breeding like rabbits". At other times, when emaciated Bengalies were dying in large numbers almost daily  he said the plague was "merrily" culling the population. He did this intentionally  with glee and all while cheering. He did not want to contain the  famine that claimed 3 million lives in Bangladesh


Dr. BR Ambedkar's Caravan

... Many of his colleagues thought Churchill was driven by a deep loathing of democracy for anyone other than the British  supposedly belonging to a superior race. He had this kind of disgusting  attitude toward India. When Mahatma Gandhi launched his campaign of peaceful resistance, Churchill raged that he"ought to be lain bound hand and foot at the gates of Delhi, and then trampled on by an enormous elephant with the new Viceroy seated on its back."

On India:

StatusMind.com
..."I hate Indians," he told the Secretary of State for India, Leopold Amery. "They are a beastly people with a beastly religion." The famine was their own fault, he declared at a war-cabinet meeting, for "breeding like rabbits."

On Indian Politicians:
Churchill on Indian politicians! Twitter
On Kurds and Afghan tribes:
... Advocated  the use of poison gas against Kurds and Afghans in 191 because, Churchill had no guts to fight against the tribes in that terrain. .
Churchill Twitter
 On Palestinians:
 ... Right from the head to the callus in his feet, he hated the Iranians, Palestinians and the Arabs.
Churchill  policraticus
 “This is the man the British want us to hail as an apostle of freedom and democracy, when he has as much blood on his hands as some of the worst genocidal dictators of the 20th century,”  Sashi Tharoor, Congress MP

Surely Churchill's dislike of Indian people, especially leaders like Gandhiji shows him in bad light.  A.A. Gill, a well-known writer  nominated Churchill as his "worst Briton" in an article published in the New Statesman in December 2002. In 1940 , giving appealing war speeches  he rallied a nation on the brink of defeat. Likewise he was equally  responsible for the Dardanelles campaign (in March 1915, during World War I (1914-18), British and French forces launched an ill-fated naval attack on Turkish  forces), the greatest disaster of the first World War. Churchill had long been a proponent of an aggressive naval assault against Turkey at the Dardanelles. Despite is fallacies and frailty Today he is remembered as the  greatest ever Prime Minister,  who saved Britain from impending disaster
https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mag/2005/06/19/stories/2005061900060300.htm
https://navrangindia.blogspot.com/2015/06/sir-winston-churchills-racial-slurs.html

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4573152.stm









Meet India's Colonial Terrorists who looted and killed Indians without mercy

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The Sangha Kommune.
Alternate History Wiki - Fandom
The Chakra News
 Above image: Hindu and Sikh Indian servants  waiting upon their White British masters in British-ruled India.......
Terrorism is, in the broadest sense, the use of intentionally indiscriminate violence as a means to create terror among masses of people; or fear to achieve a financial, political, religious or ideological aim.  It is used in this regard primarily to refer to violence against peacetime targets or in war against non-combatants. The terms "terrorist" and "terrorism" originated during the French Revolution of the late 18th century but gained mainstream popularity during the U.S. presidency of Ronald Reagan (1981–89) after the 1983 Beirut barracks bombings and again after the 2001 September 11 attacks  and the 2002 Bali bombings (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism). 

So far as India is concerned there had been no instances  terrorism of any kind or of any violent  act against the rulers or their subjects from the Europeans prior to 15th century. The tranquil and quiet political scenario changed drastically when Portuguese navigator Vasco De Gama had landed in 1498 AD in the Kappad beach off Calicut (Kozhikode), Malabar coast, Kerala. Gama and subsequent explorers used violence and murder as a means to achieve their  goals. As for Portuguese Jesuits who followed the explorers, their main intention was to convert the natives to Christianity. Thus religious terrorism was first introduced in India, nay SE Asia by none other than Fr. Francis Xavier. Christ's disciple. His motto in Goa was not  ''Love and Compassion'' as preached by Christ, but it was: ''Violence and Torture''. During the British rule, when the Indians demanded freedom , the British rulers intimidated the Indians by using force, killing people in vast number.  Military officers Neill and Dyer believed in gun power to revenge the Indians who wanted to be free in their mother land.  Four years prior to India's independence, without remorse the man who was voted as the greatest man in Britain Sir Winston Churchill, instead of alleviating  people's suffering during the Bengal famine of 1943,  aggravated the famine conditions and was directly responsible for the death of 3 to 4 million people in Bengal. Here he applied racial terrorism in a subtle way to reduce the Indian population. Below you will find a brief account of  five notorious Colonial terrorists who carried out the orgy of violence and intimidation against Indian natives in their own style; the exception being Churchill who took advantage of Nature's disaster -famine  in Bengal to cull the Indian population who demanded freedom from the British. Churchill is the most favorite and popular English man in England  and a Nobel laureate!!

Vasco de Gama (1498),Trade terrorist:
Coastal Kerala, SW India. Wikiwand
Gruesome explorer Vasco Da Gama, Times of India
Vasco Da Gama is no doubt a great explorer and the first European who discovered the direct sea route to India in 1498.  We know him as a great  navigator and explorer, unfortunately, there is another side to his personality  and there is no mention of his inhuman and barbaric treatment of  Indians on the coastal Malabar.  His abrasive and murderous aspect of his personality  casts a shadow on  his glittering  discovery. His subsequent voyages, in particular, the 4th Armada in 1502 were replete with stories of massacre, murder, mayhem, intimidation and torture of native Indians  who refused  to be cowed down by his pressure tactics to make a trade treaty with him. The Portuguese wanted to take over the Spice trade from the Arabs who had been traders for a pretty long time and had good relationship with the Hindu ruler.
Vasco da Gama indulged in some of the most heinous crimes in Malabar.''On October 1, 1502, he mercilessly ordered the killing of 700 innocent Malabar pilgrims. Half the pilgrims were women and children,' says Paris-based Historian J B P More. As for casualty, it is a controversial thing Thus,  Vasco Da Gama became the first ever European in world history  to have committed massacre of Indians near the SW Malabar coast. In his very first voyage, he insulted the local Hindu ruler's emissaries by horribly disfiguring them. In the subsequent voyages, they caused much destruction to the dwellings and other places near the harbor by bombarding the town with cannons. He and his men looted the Malabar area and took away valuable jewels, gemstones, etc, 
St. Francis Xavier & Goa-Inquisition (1500s),
Religious terrorist, par excellence:
Goa Inquisition. St. Francis Xavier and his victims. Facebook
Fr. Xavier's casket in Goa, India yt.ax
Above  image:  Casket of Saint Francis Xavier, containing his mortal remains  in the Basilica of Bom Jesus in Goa, India. This casket, constructed by Goan silversmiths between 1636 and 1637; the four sides of the casket depicting different episodes from the life of the Saint....................

The credit goes to St. Francis Xavier who,  for the first time, introduced violence as a way to preach Christianity in India. He landed in  Goa, then capital of Portuguese India on 6 May 1542, thirteen months after leaving Lisbon.
Saint Francis Xavier,en.wikipedia.org
He used torture, violence, intimidation and terror in Goa to  convert Indian natives to Christianity against their wish. Not knowing Indian history and the intellectual capacity of the Indians, he thought Indian were heretics and Pagans and worshiped  Devils and Demons in idol forms, and intellectually inferior.   He wanted them to follow western religion, western culture and shun vegetarianism and their native religion.

Inhuman treatment of Hindus. Goa Inquisition. Hoax Or Fact
 No mercy was shown on the Pagans, non-Christians and native Christian who were not true to their faith. His had a grudge for the Brahmins and remarked that  "Hindus are an unholy race. They are liars and cheats to the very backbone. Their idols are black—as black as black can be— ugly and horrible to look at , smeared with oil and smell in a evil manner''.
'' Over that period of 252 years,  any man, woman, or child living in Goa could be arrested and tortured for simply whispering a prayer or keeping a small idol at home. Many Hindus -- and some former Jews, as well - languished in special Inquisitional prisons, some for four, five, or six years at a time''.........Richard Zimler's novel, Guardian of the Dawn, documents the little-known Portuguese Inquisition in India, in 16th century Goa.

Francis Xavier, presided over   one of the bloodiest chapters in Indian history in the 16th and 17th centuries. Even if Christ were alive to day, he won't accept Xavier as a saint. Several hundred people died, equally a large number of people were maimed and, severely injured in the name of religion. As the Inquisition records were destroyed, right figures are not available. Same Fr. Francis Xavier played a pivotal role in the Spanish Inquisition (was established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile  to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms and to replace the Medieval Inquisition under Papal control)in which countless Jews and others were systematically tortured  to become Christians. Fr. Xavier and others came up with new torture devices to terrorize the non-Christians. same devices were widely employed in Goa. Fr. Xavier was the one who had the King of Portugal issued 'Orders'  to implement Inquisition in Goa.
 http://www.rediff.com/news/2005/sep/14inter1.htm
https://navrangindia.blogspot.com/2018/03/goa-inquisition-was-st-francis-xavier.html
Brigadier General James Neill,
The 'Butcher of Allahabad'(1857):

(Revengeful  Army terrorist)
James George Smith Neill (1810 – 857) was a Scottish military officer ofAlamy
James neill's ssttue over 10 feet tall. www.royalcollection.org
Above imageThe 'Butcher of Allahabad'Photograph of the bronze statue of Brigadier General James Neill, in Madras (now Chennai). He stands 10 feet. It was acquired by King Edward VII when he was Prince of Wales.  It was erected  on arterial Mount Road in (then) Madras in 1860, but was  removed  in the 1960s after public protest. One man said, ''Who wanted a statue of a Scottish man who committed massacres against Indians on our own soil''.

James George Smith Neill ( 1810 - 1857) was a Scottish military officer of the East India Company and during the1957 Indian rebellion he misused his military powers  and overstepped on the limit in handling the rebellious people, consequently  he became infamous and was tagged as the Butcher of Allahabad. His  infamous  and indiscriminate killing of native Indians during the uprising caused widespread outrage and invited condemnation across the country.Col James Neil of the ‘Madras Fusiliers’, a European unit,  was summoned from Madras to command the army to deal with the Mutiny that was gaining upper hand in Lucknow. Without any remorse, he came down heavily on the rebels, using  “ruthless and horrible” methods to put down  the mutineers. He ordered the  “entire villages to be burnt down and inhabitants hanged” as he marched towards Cawnpore (Kanpur) without any qualms about his murderous act. He massacred thousands of rebels during the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857. So, the present generation of Indian have no idea about this notorious British Army officer whose motto was ''Violence can be won by violence''.

 According to Mr. Kalathi, Educational Officer at the Madras Museum who angrily said, He (Neil) killed one lakh Indians just for uttering the word ‘Independence’, and how can we forget that?”. After innumerable protest and resolutions in the city corporation removed the statue of Neil from the public space in 1937. The earlier protests by the people,  as advised by Gandhiji on his visit to the city in Sept. 1927 were based on Satyagraha with no violence. Anyway, Neil's statue is a grim reminder of Sepoy mutiny that was fought both  by  Hindus and Muslims united in their struggle against the colonial power and how with callowness, some rude and murderous  English officials treated the natives right on their own soil. 
 http://www.deccanherald.com/content/99637/butcher-allahabad-lies-museum-attic.html
Reginald Dyer; Butcher of Jallianwalla Bagh, Punjab (1913)
Military terrorist
April 1913 killed 1000 plus indians. Gen. Reginald Dyer OpIndia.com
Jallianwala Bagh blood bath. 13 April  1913Parentune.com
graphics courtesy : KBK Infographicstwitter.com
April 13, 1919 happened to be an important day in Indian history It was Baisakhi, a harvest festival popular in Punjab and parts of north India. Local residents in Amritsar held  a meeting that day to discuss and protest against the jailing  of  Satya Pal and Saifuddin Kitchlew, two leaders fighting for Independence, and implementation of the Rowlatt Act, that allowed  the British government with powers to detain any person without trial. The medly crowd included  men,  also pilgrims to the golden temple, women and children. They all gathered in a park known as  the Jallianwala Bagh, walled on all sides but for a few small gates, against the orders of the British command. The protest was a peaceful one.

When the meeting was in progress, Brigadier-General Reginald Edward Harry Dyer, who had stealthily appeared on the  scene  to teach a lesson to the people gathered in the bagh. Without any warning, he  ordered 90 soldiers who came with him to the venue to open fire on the crowd escaping through the only exit  gate. Many tried in vain to scale the walls to escape. Many jumped into the well located inside the park. Numerous people got killed or severely injured in the stampede.

While official death toll in the Jallainwalla Bagh massacre stood at 379, with 192 wounded, sources had suggested that more than 1,000 people had lost their lives, while 1,200 people were wounded.  A total of 1,650 rounds were fired by the soldiers in a span of 10 minutes on the unarmed crowd, which was not given any prior warning to disperse.  General Dyer was removed from command and exiled to Britain where he got a  a gift of 26,000 pounds. The British India government gagged the media and the people in England did not get the right details about the massacre. Initially the media misled the public by lying that the crowd at the bagh was rebellious and violent - a travesty of truth.

https://indianexpress.com/article/india/jallianwala-bagh-general-dyer-amritsar-massacre-5135799/
Winston Churchill caused Holocaust in Bengal 1943:
(Racial terrorist par excellence):

Sir Winston Churchill on Adolf Hitler YouTube Travel Spot
Twitter
Winston Churchill.grabpage.info
More routinely lionized in the English-speaking world than any other political head, Winston Churchill is a silent racial terrorist out side the west. Till his death, he carried the aura about him but, in reality he never liked the colored people. However he is a  staunch imperialist. His name serves as  metaphor for boldness and leadership but many of his remarks are spurious and made-up. 
Churchill was very particular about keeping Britain's most important colonial possession - India.  He never wanted to let India go from British' hold and was against India's  independence movement. No other British leader had so much abomination for India's  spiritual leader, Mahatma Gandhi than  Churchill. He tagged Gandhiji  as "half-naked" and a "seditious fakir (holy man). During the 1943 famine in Bengal, some 3 million Indians perished because of negligence on the part of a single man - Churchill; he never showed an iota of mercy toward people in millions starving to painful death. They became emaciated like dangling skeletons/ zambies before death. While British officials in India begged Churchill to send food grains to Bengal, he not only  bluntly refused but ordered the Australian ship laden with grains to move from Calcutta on to Europe to add to the buffer stock. He peevishly wrote in his reply to the officials,  ''Has Gandhi not died yet?''  About the countess death of Indians in Bengal, Churchill was both indifferent to the Indian plight and even mocked the millions suffering, chuckling over the'culling of a population that bred like rabbits'.
/politics5.wordpress.com/
politics5.wordpress.com/
Churchill ordered Bengal's food production to be completely  sent to Britain during the war though the European countries had enough food grains stored.  Consequently Churchill had deliberately starved the Bengalies to die in pain and mental agony.  This is the reason Bengal famine artificially created by Churchill is dubbed as"India's Forgotten Holocaust"--the death toll rose to 4 million  in a span of one year during WWII.

Leopold Amery, Churchill's own Secretary of State for India vented his frustration in his private diaries, writing "on the subject of India, Winston is not quite sane" and that he didn't "see much difference between [Churchill's] outlook and Hitler's." Mind you, Churchill was one of the few  conservative politicians who drove the wedge to create sectarian fissures within India's independence movement between Indian Hindus and Muslims, which  ultimately led to the brutal partition of India  in 1947 that saw millions die, injured and displaced. India was a victim of "divide and rule policy" - a legacy of British Machiavellianism.
https://navrangindia.blogspot.com/2015/06/sir-winston-churchills-racial-slurs.html












Quotes for life - 13

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Loudwire
Dan's Cartoons
"It is to be noted that anger or intemperate mind has neither eyes nor ears, but only madness on the gallop"
vicious bee  Logos.co
 "An obnoxious person has a sweet tongue, but a venomous heart and  his words have a sting much worse than  vicious bees".

" When over worked, your tongue needs more rest than your head".

 "Arrogance is precursor to idiocy and ultimate downfall".
Jantoo Cartoons
"Ignorance is slavery, arrogance and intimidation is savagery and vengeance or vigilante justice is butchery"

Dreamstime.com
"The fag end of greed  and over-expectation is the beginning of happiness and a contended life".
Income inequality, the rich and poor Seven Pillars Institute
clipartstation.com
''The rich displays arrogance and pride when they talk through money. But, the poor display patience and tolerance when they reply through servitude". 

NewsOnlineIncome
''The rich - haunted by the fear of too much money .
But, the poor - haunted by the fear of too little money and sunken stomach".

''The cure for fear and anxiety is to put them nice and clean under your feet and trample on them".

Shutterstock
 '' He, who is always in a hurry, will trip head over heels".
bait and a trap Dreamstime.com
The bait hides the trap, so is a treacherous man who hides his murderous character''.
   
                                          



Quotes for life -14

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One man's Funnies
"Evey one has his own unsatisfied desires that stay with him like his shadow till he reaches the grave".

Money
Twitter
"Nothing is permanent in this world including fame and fortune that are in transit"
Pngtree
"Two things are more painful  than the sting of a wasp: open rebuke and betrayal"
Authentically Wired
Pinterest


  ''When Lady-Luck smiles on a man, nothing can stop him; if he buys a rooster in the bazaar, you won't be surprised if it lays eggs for him''.


Shutterstock
''If you want to resurrect the sleeping ghost in the graveyard, it is very simple. All you have to do is recollect the past unpalatable events that'+ve bothered you a lot".

''The world belongs to those committed people who do not make a compromise on their perseverance, hard work, integrity and ethics under any circumstances''
Shutterstock

''Blissful life awaits those who are level-headed and quiet.
Blister-ful  life awaits those who are hot headed and arrogant''.
Dreamstime.com

CartoonStock

"Don't run away from trials and tribulations in your life and, no way, you can escape from them. They are just like breezes and heavy winds that keep the trees ever busy".
CartoonStock

One thousand innocent men will be going to the gallows and face  'the noose or an ' Electric Chair' if a wrong man sits as a judge in the Honorable Court and passing judgement".

Churchill's ''Ten Commandments'' - essential for corporate leadership

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Sir Winston Churchill  Russia Beyond
Sir Winston Churchill, the two time PM of Britain, a hardcore conservative politicians, was as much well-known for his oration as for his carping and racist remarks on India, Indians and Gandhi. Set aside the blots on his character, we have to accept the fact that his inherent leadership ability emerged in full bloom during the WWII (early 1940s)  when things were going in favor of Nazi Germany. Churchill's good  reputation rests almost exclusively on his wartime leadership. In the later half of his political career, he displayed certain traits that he nurtured over a period of time and on many occasions they were at full display. He is a bundle of everything that a leader is made of, most importantly, he was a team player when serious issues came up for discussion in the House of Commons. When he was defeated on the India issue in the early1930s , he he told his opponents, “you need not expect anything but silence  or help from us.” Never in his life was he bothered by failures, losses and criticisms.  All these traits made him a charismatic leader and wherever he went he carried an aura about him that was quite irresistible, not withstanding  the darker side of his controversial personality. He was always optimistic even under the 'shadow of pessimism' - a unique trait that stood him in good stead in his long eventful life.  His inspiring traits are: ability to give spell-binding speeches, courage of conviction, trust in his self, optimism and motivation, loyalty to the British empire , oblivious to failures and  above all perseverance when in distress.
 Below I put together some of  Churchill's traits and also his own quotes that will be of some help to corporate managers  who want  to  sharpen their leadership  qualities  to become effective business captains. 

01. Communication and language skill:  Churchill's natural forte is his command over his mother tongue. In modern history no British politician had better rhetorical powers than Churchill had.  No one can deny the potency of his lines  like  "we shall fight them on the beaches", "blood, sweat and tears" and "their finest hour"? or his funny lines with a punch , '' A good speech should be like a woman's skirt: long enough to cover the subject and short enough to create interest''. So, if you want to climb the corporate ladder, develop a good writing and  communication skill that will give you extra strength and leverage over others.

02. Loyalty and devotion:

 Churchill's loyalty to the Crown and the country can not be questioned. So were his war duties and his professional career as a politician;  his loyalty and devotion to duty took precedence over others.
For the corporate managers, your foremost requisite  is loyalty to your duty  and your words and deeds should be focused in that direction. 

 3. Work and responsibility:
 Churchill has contended, ''The price of greatness is responsibility''.
To him how good you perform your duty is more important than how fast you succeed.  So, you must love your profession and the job given to you. Have the right aptitude and set your priorities before getting down to your task be conversant with the task you are going to perform  and the details about it. 

04. Recording  daily activities :Churchill's  reputation rests not only on his well-documented life but also on his own voluminous, self-penned, memoirs. Part of his success was due to self-criticism. Self-monitoring is a way to judge his efficiency.

If you are  in the management cadre with responsibility, maintaining a brief record of your daily activities in your company vis-a-vis with your subordinates is well and good. You can recollect the past events and avoid pitfalls in the future.
Sir Winston Churchill Pinterest

05. Ability to foretell:
 As a statesman and leader Churchill had a keen eye for strategic opportunity; not all his plans were successful. But he understood well Britain's name in the global stage as a Maritime power. 
 He was one of the few politicians who had  found in Hitler a devil and after reading Hitler's Mein Kampf  he was shocked by his nefarious intentions.  Long before the rise of Hitler, he warned the other European countries about the impending danger posed by Hitler. 
 A corporate  manager should look ahead and stay focused on the company's future plan, depending on the market situation.
churchill cartoons www.fulltable.com

06. Don't be afraid of failures:

 Mind you,  all great people of history succeed and fail. But the impact of great peoples' successes outweigh those of their failures, Churchill failed in many as follows -
Churchill's misadventure in  Gallipoli campaign (in 1915) , and failure to land the troops  on the shores of  the Dardanelles strait was a fiasco, causing his political career. His 1925 budget  and returning to gold standard  prolonged the industrial slump;  Disastrous invasion of Norway  in the Spring of 1940 and Churchill's wrong strategy with respect to Eastern Europe (the Yalta conference in 1945) brought down his name. Through out the stressful period,  Churchill was calm and composed amid the most trying circumstances and never lost sight of his focus. After each failure, Churchill became more energetic than ever  before.

 ''Success consists of going from failure to failure without loss of enthusiasm''.

07. Be persistent:

Churchill has felt ''continuous effort is the key to unlock our potential; not either intelligence or strength''. So, when you running a company or holding a responsible position in an enterprise, keep working hard in the right direction and put in enough effort to move the organization forward.

08. Don't be afraid of enemies

They are the ones who keep you busy and make you  understand what you lack and how  to make it up.
 In the corporate sector you've enemies  in plenty, ready to see you head over heels. Stand up to them firmly and prove your points that are not detrimental to your company's growth.  

Churchill said, ''You have enemies? Good, that means you have stood up for something, sometime in your life''.

09. Negotiations

Churchill is of the opinion that if you are sympathetic with the negotiators, you give them room to take advantage of your weakness / sympathy. He asked Viceroy Lord Irwin not to hold a dialogue with Gandhi  during India' s Salt Satyagraha (1930-1931)
 In Churchill's opinion, the Viceroy's agreeing to speak to Gandhi involved a serious loss of face for the British in India. As he put it: "It is never possible to make concessions to Orientals when they think you are weak or afraid of them."

As for management of companies,'When making negotiations with other companies, be firm and talk less. Do not throw concessions unless there is a necessity'.

10. Holding a firm grip:  Churchill wanted Britain to hang on to the British colonies, in particular, to India which vastly contributed for  war expenses from the Indian Treasury during WWI and WWII. Revenue from India was so fast, it vastly improved the British economy. For the British India was a hen laying golden egg. When companies acquire new businesses and, if they turn out to be profitable, stick with such acquisitions and don't let them slip past you.  
 http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_8234000/8234106.html



 










Quotes for life -15

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''A blatant, whooping lie is good enough to cause one hundred agonizing and harrowing miseries'
CartoonStock
 ''It is to be borne in mind the people who, more often than not, swear are the ones you must watch out, for they are not trust-worthy; the more they swear, the less they are desirable''.
Shutterstock
''When it comes to decision-making, don't let your mind veer like the weather cock; be firm and use discretion properly''.   

Me.me
''Man is pushed to great height neither by  charity nor by valor and triumph, but only by period of trials and tribulation''.
Pinterest
FBWallPics.com
Twitter
''Instead of sharpening your wagging tongue, learn the art of sharpening your ear ; more listening and less talking will keep you out of miseries''.
Dreamstime.com

cartoonstock.com
''Every one is a bore to some one. That is unimportant. The thing to avoid is being  a bore to oneself''...........Gerald Brenan


''Bore - a person who talks than when you wish him to listen''.
                                               ................     Ambrose Bierce

Dreamstime.com

 ''Unfortunately, fate has it that saintly people  have to undergo distress and pain;  to them, even the 'devil' takes liberty and gives Sermon on the Mount''.
quoteprism.net

Pinterest
''In this wide world you can not get a good guide to teach the nuances of life. You have to learn it by yourself. None is a better  guide to you than you yourself''.

Funny quotes and humor - 52

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Lust
JanManch News
cartoonstock.com

''  'Lust' has  no eyes Nor does it have discretion. Fathomless, it is like a man getting caught in the quicksand. Uncontrolled urge may lead to self- destruction, loss of self-respect and name. Unlike true love, it does not last long and is devoid of a binding factor. It's other name is poison''.

Greed:
Greedy bank robber. CartoonStock
Corporate greed. The Cartoonist Group
 ''It grows along with uncontrollable desire and the limit is sky-high. It pushes a man faster to the grave than other unacceptable qualities. Needless to say, it is the root cause of violence, double crossing, whistle-blowing  and crime. It will force a man to lay his hands on everything beyond his reach and ultimately end up losing everything, including his loving family''.

 Gossiping:
a-mused
cartoonstock.com
 It is more often tagged as the forte of women folks. Saints say it is not visible in places where there are no women. Commonly, it is 'carried on'  by lousy people, 'spread' by fools and keenly 'heard' and 'accepted' with glee  by filthy people. It is a dangerous inferno, never failing to leave a trail of severe damage all along the way.

Friends:
Frien
Funny Jokes, Cartoons, Inspirational Quotes - WordPress.com
 "It is difficult to see a true friend who stands by you through thick and thin. Invariably, many friends laugh at you when you fall. And when you gather yourself and stand up again, they will purposely trip you and keep laughing at you and, in the process, they themselves will hit the floor head over heels. Lousy friends take off  en mass when you are in the soup"

 Women's gathering:
:
WorldArtsMe

Pinterest
"  'Women's gathering' regardless of of the age of the club members,  is always colorful, noisy, vibrant and never loses its aura and excitement. The electrifying ambiance is never free from social gossips, accusations and  jealousy. Some times snobbery and pretensions take precedence over other equally bad traits".

Imagination:

Imgflip
Penguin Books

"  'Imagination' is a double-edged dagger and has positive as well as negative sides. If not controlled, it is like a wild elephant in "musth" and may run amuck, causing  severe damages to others and to the person himself. If controlled and disciplined, it will take the man to the higher levels. Many inventions were the result of controlled imaginative power".

*****









Funny quotes and humor -51

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Blonde without seat-belt :
Blonde in a car 123RF.com
A couple were driving on the US Inter State (express way) on a week day and the traffic was  minimum. Suddenly, the husband asked his wife who was driving the car to  go parallel  with the car going in the other lane. After a short while, the other car  got into the   far-off lane and sped ahead. The woman  asked her husband, ''What is the reason  for it  - driving our car along  with the other one in the next lane?''.  Came the reply. ''Darling, I was concerned about the safety of the blond woman driving the other  vehicle''.  The lady asked him, '' Why are you so alarmed  about a strange woman  whom you don't seem to know  before? The man replied ," Yes, it is true I've not seen her before, but  I have to pity her. The Blondie was driving without  a seat-belt on, besides  she was fully naked; positively, if caught by the cops, she would be ticketed twice''. The face of the red-headed woman became reddish, breathing fire.

 Quick money:
Manipulative Neta. The Independent India
At a Quiz competition for the 12 year old kids in a  famous school in South India , a general knowledge question was asked that carried Rs.10,000.00 award. The simple question was: Can a beggar on the street become rich enough to buy all the luxuries in the world in a span of one and half years?  

All the 20 boys who came for the quiz,  could  not come up with the right answer but for the last one. The young boy, without any hesitation, answered,  "Yes, the  beggar in abject poverty  can; with great difficulties and help from  local  leaders,  if he joins the influential  political party in the state and becomes a local leader at the basic level, it is possible.  Armed with certain political influence, with the help of Netas at higher level he can do things under the table and move the files of rich contractors for positive action. This way, in a short period,  he can  become rich enough to take care of him and his family for the rest of the life. 

Robber. MindMeister
An old man in the hall lamented," Even a small school  kid knows the caliber of  our politicians make fast buck without a smattering of education!!

Ripping off / tonsuring:
Tonsurin young boy' head. kerala temple Samayam Malayalam

At a busy crowded Hindu temple in Tamil Nadu, two Yogis  were trading talks in front of the main Gopuram (tower). They saw so many people emerging out of the holy place with their head 
tonsured.  One Yogi said, ''These people sincerely making  an offering to the god - tonsuring their head once in a while at the holy place for the welfare of their families and lead contended lives. I really appreciate their contentment which is good for the mental well being''. 
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The other Yogi with hesitation and in rage  said, "Look at our 'neta' (politician); almost daily, they  have 10 to 20 heads tonsured   when people go to him for a favor. They commit 100 sins daily and make a bundle of ill-gotten money. They neither have contentment nor do they have peace of mind and  good mental being. Almost daily Damocles dagger hanging over their head''.

Note:In local slang - Tamil, Mottai Poduthal / Tonsuring is an euphemism for cheating - making a man  lose every thing, including his undergarments!!).

*****
 Bathing woman and the train:
A movie theater manage asked a strange looking man,  ''I notice that  you saw this film several times in two weeks; Does it not look odd?  It is not a good movie either, Why are you so excited about the movie?'  The man replied calmly, ''Yes, there is a reason for it. The heroine in the movie, in a village sequence, takes a  bath in the pond close to the railway tract. When  she was about to undress
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 alas! the goods train goes past her and, by that time, she is fully clothed. My intuition is  one day the train may come late so that I can see the lady getting into the pond. The damn train goes past the village on time!!''  Upon hearing this bizarre reply, the theater manager  literally  became tongue-tied. 

*****


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